शब्दकोशः
Vocabulary
Words by theme. Tap any word to see its full grammar and every form.
329 words
अभिवादनम्
Greetings
- A boy greeting with folded hands in namaste.namaste
hello (lit. "salutation to you")
Phrase!Hello, teacher!
- A boy greeting with folded hands in namaste.namaḥ
salutation, homage
Indeclinable।Salutation to the teacher.
- A smiling woman in a sari at a decorated doorway with folded hands, welcoming a guest, a rangoli pattern on the ground.svāgatam
welcome
NounNeuter।You are welcome here.
- A boy giving a small gift to an old man who bows his head with folded hands, both smiling gratefully.dhanyavādaḥ
thank you, thanks
NounMasculine।Thank you.
- The sun rising over a village with a girl stretching happily at her doorway, birds flying in the morning sky.suprabhātam
good morning
NounNeuter, !Good morning, mother!
- A child sleeping peacefully on a mat under a blanket, a crescent moon and stars outside the window.śubharātriḥ
good night
NounFeminine, !Good night, father!
- One child hugging another child after a quarrel, making up.kṣamyatām
sorry, please excuse me
Phrase, ।Sorry, please say that again.
- Two children waving goodbye to each other on a village path, smiling.punaḥ milāmaḥ
see you again
Phrase, ।Good night, see you again.
- A child building up a fallen tower of wooden blocks again.punaḥ
again
Indeclinable, ।Sorry, please say that again.
- A child with wide eyes and an open mouth, amazed at a rainbow.he
O! (calling someone)
Indeclinable!O Rāma!
- A small boy holding out his cupped hands politely to his mother, asking for something.kṛpayā
please
Indeclinable।Please give me water.
- A healthy happy family of grandmother, father and child sitting together in a sunny courtyard.kuśalam
well-being
NounNeuter।All is well here.
अव्ययानि
Connectors & particles
- A smiling girl nodding with a big friendly thumbs up.ām
yes
Indeclinable, ।Yes, I know.
- A child shaking her head with one hand raised to refuse a sweet.na
no, not
Indeclinable।I do not know.
- A mango and a banana lying side by side on a leaf.ca
and
Indeclinable।Mother and father go to the garden.
- A girl drinking milk and her little brother drinking milk too.api
also, even
Indeclinable।I also read.
- One single red apple standing alone on a table.eva
only, indeed
Indeclinable।Truth alone wins.
- A girl walking together with her grandmother, holding hands.saha
with
Indeclinable।The son goes with his father.
- A man walking in the rain without an umbrella, getting wet.vinā
without
Indeclinable।Without a book the student does not read.
- A teacher showing how to fold a paper boat while children copy her.iti
thus (quotation marker)
Indeclinable" " ।"I read," he says.
- A child choosing between an apple and a banana, one in each hand.vā
or; (question marker)
Indeclinable?Do you know Sanskrit?
- Dark rain clouds above and a farmer opening his umbrella.yadi
if
Indeclinable - A girl climbing a flight of steps one after another.tarhi
then
Indeclinable - Dark rain clouds above and a farmer opening his umbrella.cet
if
Indeclinable - A wanderer roaming through a forest, looking around curiously.itastataḥ
here and there
Indeclinable।The crow wandered here and there for water.
- Flowers blooming everywhere across a wide field.sarvatra
everywhere
Indeclinable - A child knocking once on a big wooden door.kadācit
sometime, once
Indeclinable।I too will help you some day.
- A girl climbing a flight of steps one after another.tataḥ
then, from that
Indeclinable।From that, happiness.
परिवारः
Family
- A loving mother hugging her small child.mātā
mother
NounFeminine।Mother cooks rice.
- A happy father carrying his child on his shoulders.pitā
father
NounMasculine।Father reads a book.
- Two brothers standing with their arms around each other's shoulders.bhrātā
brother
NounMasculine।My brother plays.
- An older sister helping her little brother take his first steps.bhaginī
sister
NounFeminine।Sister sings a song.
- A father holding his small son by the hand on a village path.putraḥ
son
NounMasculine।The son serves his father.
- A mother combing her daughter's long hair.putrī
daughter
NounFeminine।The daughter looks at a picture.
- An old wise man with a white beard holding a palm-leaf manuscript, deep in thought.pitāmahaḥ
grandfather (father’s father)
NounMasculine।Grandfather tells a story.
- A kind grandmother with grey hair in a white sari holding her small grandson on her lap.pitāmahī
grandmother (father’s mother)
NounFeminine।Grandmother reads the Rāmāyaṇa.
- Two friends walking with their arms around each other's shoulders.mitram
friend
NounNeuter।My friend comes home.
- A family of mother, father, grandmother and two children standing together in front of their house.parivāraḥ
family
NounMasculine।My family is small.
जनाः
People
- A cheerful boy in a kurta standing with a small cloth school bag.bālakaḥ
boy
NounMasculine।The boy reads.
- A smiling girl with two long plaits.bālikā
girl
NounFeminine।The girl writes.
- A revered teacher in white robes teaching a group of students under a banyan tree.guruḥ
teacher, guru
NounMasculine।The teacher speaks the truth.
- A student with a cloth satchel and a palm-leaf book walking to school along a path.chātraḥ
student (male)
NounMasculine।The student reads the lesson.
- A student with a cloth satchel and a palm-leaf book walking to school along a path.chātrā
student (female)
NounFeminine।The student asks a question.
- A baby crawling happily on a mat.śiśuḥ
baby, infant
NounMasculine।The baby laughs.
- Three different people, young and old, standing together in a group.janaḥ
person, people
NounMasculine।People walk on the road.
- A revered teacher in white robes teaching a group of students under a banyan tree.śikṣakaḥ
teacher
NounMasculine।The teacher enters the classroom.
- A king with a crown seated on a decorated throne under a canopy.rājā
king
NounMasculine।The king commands the servant.
- A servant carrying a tray with cups and bowing politely.sevakaḥ
servant, helper
NounMasculine।The servant brings water.
- A hunter with a bow and a quiver of arrows walking through a forest.vyādhaḥ
hunter
NounMasculine।The hunter wanders in the forest.
- A brave warrior with a round shield and a spear standing guard at a fort gate.sainikaḥ
soldier
NounMasculine।Soldiers protect the country.
- A village physician grinding herbs with a stone mortar and pestle, bottles of medicine beside him.cikitsakaḥ
doctor
NounMasculine।The doctor works in the hospital.
- A village physician grinding herbs with a stone mortar and pestle, bottles of medicine beside him.cikitsikā
doctor (female)
NounFeminine।My mother is a doctor.
- A brave warrior with a round shield and a spear standing guard at a fort gate.vīraḥ
hero, brave one
NounMasculine।The hero wins the battle.
- A sneaky thief in dark clothes tiptoeing at night with a sack on his back, comic and child friendly.cauraḥ
thief
NounMasculine।The thief steals the money.
- A traveller with a cloth bundle on a stick and a walking staff on a long dusty road.yātrikaḥ
traveller
NounMasculine।The traveller sets out in the morning.
- A woman buying vegetables, handing coins to a vendor.grāhakaḥ
customer
NounMasculine।The customer goes to the shop.
- A merchant weighing grain on a balance scale at his shop counter.āpaṇikaḥ
shopkeeper
NounMasculine।The shopkeeper tells the price.
पशवः
Animals
- A large elephant decorated with a colourful cloth and bells.gajaḥ
elephant
NounMasculine।The elephant walks in the forest.
- A brown horse standing in a green meadow.aśvaḥ
horse
NounMasculine।The horse runs.
- A majestic lion with a large mane sitting on a rock.siṃhaḥ
lion
NounMasculine।The lion lives in a cave.
- A playful monkey sitting on a branch eating a banana.vānaraḥ
monkey
NounMasculine।The monkey eats a fruit.
- A grey cat sitting with its tail curled around its paws.mārjāraḥ
cat
NounMasculine।The cat drinks milk.
- A friendly brown village dog sitting and wagging its tail.kukkuraḥ
dog
NounMasculine।The dog guards the house.
- A cow standing with her calf.dhenuḥ
cow
NounFeminine।The cow eats grass.
- A spotted deer standing alert in a forest clearing.mṛgaḥ
deer
NounMasculine।The deer runs in the forest.
- A colourful fish swimming in blue water with small bubbles.matsyaḥ
fish
NounMasculine।The fish lives in water.
- A green snake coiled on the ground with its head raised.sarpaḥ
snake
NounMasculine।The snake moves on the ground.
- A white rabbit with long ears sitting on grass.śaśakaḥ
rabbit, hare
NounMasculine।The rabbit runs quickly.
- A camel with one hump standing in a desert with sand dunes.uṣṭraḥ
camel
NounMasculine।The camel drinks water.
- A small grey mouse holding a grain of wheat.mūṣakaḥ
mouse
NounMasculine।The mouse runs.
- A striped orange tiger walking in tall grass.vyāghraḥ
tiger
NounMasculine।The tiger lives in the forest.
- A tortoise with a patterned shell walking slowly on the ground.kūrmaḥ
tortoise
NounMasculine।The tortoise walks slowly.
- A black bumblebee hovering over a bright flower.bhramaraḥ
bee
NounMasculine।The bee wanders in the garden.
- A majestic lion with a large mane sitting on a rock.vanarājaḥ
king of the forest (the lion)
NounMasculine! ।O king of the forest! Let me go.
खगाः
Birds
- A black crow perched on a branch.kākaḥ
crow
NounMasculine।The crow sits in the tree.
- A green parrot with a red beak perched on a branch.śukaḥ
parrot
NounMasculine।The parrot eats a fruit.
- A peacock with its colourful tail fully spread.mayūraḥ
peacock
NounMasculine।The peacock dances.
- A white swan gliding on a blue lake.haṃsaḥ
swan
NounMasculine।The swan lives in the pond.
- A grey pigeon sitting on the edge of a rooftop.kapotaḥ
pigeon, dove
NounMasculine।The pigeon eats grain.
- A small colourful bird singing on a branch.khagaḥ
bird
NounMasculine।Birds sing in the tree.
- A dark cuckoo bird singing on a mango tree branch.kokilaḥ
cuckoo
NounMasculine।The cuckoo sings sweetly.
फलानि
Fruits
- A basket of mixed fruits: mangoes, bananas and pomegranates.phalam
fruit
NounNeuter।The monkey eats a fruit.
- A ripe yellow mango with two green leaves.āmram
mango (fruit)
NounNeuter।The mango is sweet.
- A bunch of ripe yellow bananas.kadalīphalam
banana
NounNeuter।The baby eats a banana.
- A red pomegranate cut open showing its shining red seeds.dāḍimam
pomegranate
NounNeuter।The pomegranate is red.
- An orange fruit with a green leaf and one peeled segment.nāraṅgam
orange
NounNeuter।I eat an orange.
- A bunch of green grapes hanging from a vine.drākṣā
grapes, vine
NounFeminine।The grapes are sweet.
- A brown coconut and a green coconut with a leaf.nārikelam
coconut
NounNeuter।Coconut water is sweet.
- A large green spiky jackfruit, one piece cut open showing yellow pods.panasam
jackfruit
NounNeuter।The jackfruit is on the tree.
शाकानि
Vegetables
- A basket full of fresh green leafy vegetables.śākam
vegetable, greens
NounNeuter।Mother cooks vegetables.
- A few brown potatoes in a small heap.ālukam
potato
NounNeuterModern usage।Mother cooks potatoes.
- Two red onions, one cut in half showing rings.palāṇḍuḥ
onion
NounMasculine।The onion grows in the ground.
- Two white radishes with green leaves.mūlakam
radish
NounNeuter।The radish is white.
- Two shiny purple aubergines with green caps.vṛntākam
aubergine, brinjal
NounNeuter।Mother cooks the aubergine.
- A big round orange pumpkin with a curly vine.kūṣmāṇḍaḥ
pumpkin
NounMasculine।The pumpkin is yellow.
शरीराङ्गानि
Body parts
- A boy pointing at his own head with one finger.śiraḥ
head
NounNeuter।He bows his head.
- A close-up of one large expressive eye lined with kajal.netram
eye
NounNeuter।We see with our eyes.
- A side view of a child's head showing a large ear with a small gold earring.karṇaḥ
ear
NounMasculine।We hear with our ears.
- A girl touching her nose with one finger, smiling.nāsikā
nose
NounFeminine।The nose is above the mouth.
- A cheerful round face of a child with a big smile.mukham
mouth, face
NounNeuter।The baby’s face is lovely.
- One open human hand with the palm facing forward, large and centred.hastaḥ
hand
NounMasculine।I write with my hand.
- A pair of bare feet standing on a mat.pādaḥ
foot
NounMasculine।We walk with our feet.
- A child with a big bright smile showing clean white teeth, holding a neem twig.dantaḥ
tooth
NounMasculine।The mouse cuts the net with its teeth.
- A girl with long black hair in a single braid, seen from behind, brushing it.keśaḥ
hair
NounMasculine।The girl’s hair is long.
- A boy patting his round full belly after a meal, smiling.udaram
stomach, belly
NounNeuter।My stomach is full.
- A child playfully sticking out the tongue.jihvā
tongue
NounFeminine।The tongue is in the mouth.
- A person standing tall and stretching both arms up, showing the whole body.śarīram
body
NounNeuter।The mouse ran over the lion’s body.
- A child showing arms and legs, stretching in a star shape.aṅgam
limb, part of the body
NounNeuter
वर्णाः
Colours
- raktaḥ
red
Adjective।The flower is red.
- nīlaḥ
blue, dark blue
Adjective।The sky is blue.
- pītaḥ
yellow
Adjective।The banana is yellow.
- haritaḥ
green
Adjective।The leaf is green.
- śvetaḥ
white
Adjective।The swan is white.
- kṛṣṇaḥ
black, dark
Adjective।The crow is black.
विशेषणानि
Describing words
- A honeycomb dripping golden honey with a few bees.madhuraḥ
sweet
Adjective।The mango is sweet.
- A beautiful garden with blooming lotus flowers and a butterfly.sundaraḥ
beautiful
Adjective।The garden is beautiful.
- A very long rope stretched across the ground with a small boy at one end.dīrghaḥ
long
Adjective।The road is long.
- A clay pot filled to the brim with water.pūrṇaḥ
full, complete
Adjective।The pot is full of water.
- Villagers rejoicing with raised hands at a golden harvest.prasannaḥ
happy, pleased
Adjective।Everyone is happy.
- A tired boy in the hot sun drinking water from a cup.tṛṣitaḥ
thirsty
Adjective।The crow was thirsty.
- A few grains of rice in an almost empty bowl.alpaḥ
little, scanty
Adjective।There was little water in the pot.
- A small feather floating lightly in the air.laghuḥ
small, light
Adjective।My family is small.
- A very tall palm tree next to a small hut.unnataḥ
high, tall
Adjective।The mountain is high.
- A boy shivering with a shawl around him beside a snowy mountain.śītalaḥ
cool, cold
Adjective।The wind is cool.
- A steaming hot cup of tea on a small stool.uṣṇaḥ
hot, warm
Adjective।Fire is hot.
- An angry child with crossed arms, frowning and turned away.kruddhaḥ
angry
Adjective।The lion became angry.
- A mother hugging her small child lovingly.priyaḥ
dear, beloved
Adjective।My family is dear to me.
- A hare running very fast across a field.śīghram
quickly
Indeclinable।The rabbit runs quickly.
- A tortoise walking slowly along a path.śanaiḥ
slowly
Indeclinable।The tortoise walks slowly.
- A big heap of many colourful fruits.bahu
much, very much
Indeclinable।I like laddus very much.
- A girl singing sweetly with musical notes around her.madhuram
sweetly
Indeclinable।The cuckoo sings sweetly.
सङ्ख्याः
Numbers
- ekam
one
Number - dve
two
Number - trīṇi
three
Number - catvāri
four
Number - pañca
five
Number - ṣaṭ
six
Number - sapta
seven
Number - aṣṭa
eight
Number - nava
nine
Number - daśa
ten
Number
दिशः
Directions & places
- A cat sitting on top of a wooden box.upari
above, on top of
Indeclinable।The nose is above the mouth.
- A cat sitting under a wooden table.adhaḥ
below, under
Indeclinable।The boy stands under the tree.
- A boy pointing to his left side with an arrow on the ground pointing left.vāmataḥ
on the left
Indeclinable।The school is on the left.
- A girl pointing to her right side with an arrow on the ground pointing right.dakṣiṇataḥ
on the right
Indeclinable।The temple is on the right.
- A child pointing down at a spot on the ground right at his feet.atra
here
Indeclinable।Stay here.
- A girl pointing far away at a temple across a river.tatra
there
Indeclinable।The mouse came there.
- The sun rising on the horizon in the east over green hills.pūrvā
east
Adjective।The sun rises in the east.
- The sun setting in the west with an orange sky over a river.paścimā
west
Adjective - A compass needle pointing up towards snowy mountains.uttarā
north
Adjective - A compass needle pointing down towards the sea with palm trees.dakṣiṇā
south
Adjective - Two children standing side by side, one tapping the other on the side.pārśvam
side
NounNeuter।The tree stands beside the road.
गृहवस्तूनि
Household items
- A stack of books with colourful covers.pustakam
book
NounNeuter।Rāma reads a book.
- An old-style pen and an inkpot on a palm-leaf page.lekhanī
pen
NounFeminine।We write with a pen.
- A small square woven mat seat on the floor.āsanam
seat
NounNeuter।The students sit on the seat.
- A wooden plank board leaning against a wall.phalakam
board, plank
NounNeuter।The teacher writes on the board.
- A carved wooden door of a village house, slightly open.dvāram
door
NounNeuter।The boy stands at the door.
- A small wooden window with a parrot sitting on its sill.gavākṣaḥ
window
NounMasculine।I see the sun from the window.
- A small clay oil lamp with a bright flame.dīpaḥ
lamp
NounMasculine।The lamp shines.
- A round red clay water pot.ghaṭaḥ
pot, pitcher
NounMasculine।There is water in the pot.
- A round red clay water pot.pātram
vessel, container
NounNeuter।There is milk in the vessel.
- Neatly folded colourful cloth stacked on a shelf.vastram
cloth, garment
NounNeuter।The cloth is white.
- A brass cup filled with water.caṣakaḥ
cup, glass
NounMasculine।There is water in the glass.
- A wooden cot bed with a pillow and a folded blanket.śayyā
bed
NounFeminine।The baby sleeps on the bed.
- An old brass key with a round handle.kuñcikā
key
NounFeminine?Where is the key?
- A colourful striped cloth ball lying on green grass.kandukaḥ
ball
NounMasculine।The boy throws the ball.
- A framed painting of a landscape hanging on a wall.citram
picture
NounNeuter।The daughter looks at a picture.
- A fishing net spread out on the riverbank.jālam
net
NounNeuter।The mouse cuts the net.
- A single arrow with feathers flying through the air.bāṇaḥ
arrow
NounMasculine - An old wooden chariot pulled by two white horses.rathaḥ
chariot
NounMasculine
प्रकृतिः
Nature
- A big bright sun rising over green hills.sūryaḥ
sun
NounMasculine।The sun shines.
- A full moon shining in the night sky over a village.candraḥ
moon
NounMasculine।I see the moon.
- A bright twinkling star in a dark blue sky.tārā
star
NounFeminine।There are stars in the sky.
- A wide open blue sky with a few white clouds and birds.ākāśaḥ
sky
NounMasculine।The sky is blue.
- A large leafy banyan tree with spreading branches and hanging roots.vṛkṣaḥ
tree
NounMasculine।There are trees in the garden.
- A single pink flower in full bloom.puṣpam
flower
NounNeuter।The girls look at the flowers.
- A winding river flowing through green fields.nadī
river
NounFeminine।The river flows.
- A tall mountain with a snowy peak.parvataḥ
mountain
NounMasculine।The mountain is high.
- A wide blue ocean with rolling waves meeting the horizon.samudraḥ
sea, ocean
NounMasculine।The boat moves on the sea.
- Dark rain clouds over green fields with a few raindrops falling.meghaḥ
cloud
NounMasculine।There are clouds in the sky.
- Strong wind blowing leaves and a girl's scarf through the air.vāyuḥ
wind, air
NounMasculine।The wind is cool.
- Clear water pouring from a clay pot into a bowl.jalam
water
NounNeuter।We drink water.
- A bright campfire with leaping orange flames.agniḥ
fire
NounMasculine।Fire is hot.
- The round earth with green lands and blue seas.bhūmiḥ
earth, ground
NounFeminine।The snake moves on the ground.
- A dense green forest with tall trees and a deer.vanam
forest
NounNeuter।The elephant walks in the forest.
- A folded letter with a red wax seal.patram
leaf; letter
NounNeuter।A leaf falls from the tree.
- Dark rain clouds over green fields with a few raindrops falling.varṣā
rain
NounFeminine।It rains.
- A calm pond with lotus flowers and lily pads.taḍāgaḥ
pond, lake
NounMasculine।The swan lives in the pond.
- Fresh green grass growing in a small patch with a little ant.tṛṇam
grass
NounNeuter।The cow eats grass.
- A dark cave opening in a rocky hillside.guhā
cave
NounFeminine।The lion lives in a cave.
- A single tree branch with green leaves and a small bird.śākhā
branch
NounFeminine।The branches of the tree bend.
- A few smooth round pebbles on the sand.pāṣāṇakhaṇḍaḥ
pebble
NounMasculine।The crow dropped pebbles into the pot.
- A wooden boat floating on a calm river.naukā
boat
NounFeminine।The boat moves on the water.
- A pink lotus flower on a pond with round green leaves.kamalam
lotus
NounNeuter।There are lotuses in the pond.
- A large leafy banyan tree with spreading branches and hanging roots.taruḥ
tree
NounMasculine
भोजनम्
Food
- A round plate with rice, dal, vegetables and chapati.annam
food, grain
NounNeuter।The pigeon eats grain.
- A brass glass full of white milk.dugdham
milk
NounNeuter।The boy drinks milk.
- A round plate with rice, dal, vegetables and chapati.odanaḥ
cooked rice
NounMasculine।Mother cooks rice.
- A stack of round flatbread rotis on a plate.roṭikā
flatbread (roti)
NounFeminineModern usage।We eat roti.
- A small bowl of white salt with a wooden spoon.lavaṇam
salt
NounNeuter।There is salt in the food.
- A small bowl of white sugar cubes and crystals.śarkarā
sugar
NounFeminine।There is sugar in the milk.
- A small brass pot of golden ghee with a spoon.ghṛtam
ghee, clarified butter
NounNeuter।Mother cooks with ghee.
- A plate of round yellow laddu sweets.modakaḥ
sweet ball (laddu)
NounMasculine।I like laddus.
- A round plate with rice, dal, vegetables and chapati.bhojanam
meal, food
NounNeuter।In the evening we eat a meal.
स्थानानि
Places
- A small house with a door, windows and a tiled roof.gṛham
house, home
NounNeuter।He goes home.
- A small village with mud huts, thatched roofs and a well in the middle.grāmaḥ
village
NounMasculine।We go to the village.
- A busy city street with tall buildings and a market.nagaram
city
NounNeuter।We live in the city.
- A village school building with children walking in through the gate.vidyālayaḥ
school
NounMasculine।The boy goes to school.
- A garden with flower beds, a path and a small fountain.udyānam
garden, park
NounNeuter।The boys play in the garden.
- A small white village temple with a saffron flag on top.mandiram
temple
NounNeuter।The temple is on the right.
- A small village shop with jars, sacks and baskets of goods and a shopkeeper.āpaṇaḥ
shop, market
NounMasculine।She goes to the shop.
- A winding road through green fields towards a village.mārgaḥ
road, path
NounMasculine।People walk on the road.
- A teacher with a pointer explaining to a small class of children sitting on mats.kakṣā
classroom, class
NounFeminine।The students stand in the classroom.
- A small clean hospital building with a red cross sign and a doctor at the door.cikitsālayaḥ
hospital
NounMasculine।The doctor goes to the hospital.
- A wide landscape of a country with mountains, a river, fields and villages.deśaḥ
country
NounMasculine।Soldiers protect the country.
कालः
Time & days
- A bright sunny day over a village with children playing.dinam
day
NounNeuter।One day the lion fell into a net.
- A night sky with a crescent moon and stars over a sleeping village.rātriḥ
night
NounFeminine।The moon shines at night.
- A boy brushing his teeth at a well in the early morning sunshine.prātaḥ
in the morning
Indeclinable।He gets up in the morning.
- Cows walking home along a village path at sunset.sāyam
in the evening
Indeclinable।In the evening father returns home.
- A bright morning sun and a child waking up and stretching.adya
today
Indeclinable।Today is Monday.
- A setting sun on one side and a rising sun on the other, a child standing in the middle.śvaḥ
tomorrow
Indeclinable।Tomorrow we will play.
- A setting sun on one side and a rising sun on the other, a child standing in the middle.hyaḥ
yesterday
Indeclinable।Yesterday I went to the village.
- A sand timer with sand running, and a boy jumping up ready.idānīm
now
Indeclinable।Now we study.
- An oil lamp that keeps burning, with the sun on one side and the moon on the other.sadā
always
Indeclinable।Always speak the truth.
- A child knocking once on a big wooden door.ekadā
once (upon a time)
Indeclinable।Once the lion was asleep under a tree.
- A calendar page with a crescent moon drawn on it.somavāsaraḥ
Monday
NounMasculine।Today is Monday.
- A calendar page with a red planet Mars drawn on it.maṅgalavāsaraḥ
Tuesday
NounMasculine - A calendar page with a small green planet Mercury drawn on it.budhavāsaraḥ
Wednesday
NounMasculine - A calendar page with a large striped planet Jupiter drawn on it.guruvāsaraḥ
Thursday
NounMasculine - A calendar page with a bright white planet Venus drawn on it.śukravāsaraḥ
Friday
NounMasculine - A calendar page with the ringed planet Saturn drawn on it.śanivāsaraḥ
Saturday
NounMasculine - A calendar page with a big smiling sun drawn on it.ravivāsaraḥ
Sunday
NounMasculine - A wall calendar showing one month with a moon in its phases along the top.māsaḥ
month
NounMasculine - A circle of the four seasons: spring flowers, summer sun, monsoon rain and winter fog.varṣam
year
NounNeuter - An old hourglass with sand flowing beside a sundial.kālaḥ
time
NounMasculine
सर्वनामानि
Pronouns
- A girl pointing to herself with a smile.aham
I
Pronoun।I read.
- A teacher pointing kindly towards a student in front of her.tvam
you (one person)
Pronoun।You read.
- A girl pointing at a boy walking away in the distance.saḥ
he
PronounMasculine।He reads.
- A boy pointing at a girl standing far away by a tree.sā
she
PronounFeminine।She writes.
- A child pointing at a ball lying far across the yard.tat
it, that
PronounNeuter।That is a fruit.
- A mother with her hand on the shoulder of a little boy right beside her.eṣaḥ
this (masc.)
PronounMasculine।This is a boy.
- A grandfather with his hand on the shoulder of his granddaughter right beside him.eṣā
this (fem.)
PronounFeminine।This is a girl.
- A child holding up a mango close to the viewer, showing it.etat
this (neut.)
PronounNeuter।This is a book.
- A teacher pointing kindly towards a student in front of her.bhavān
you (polite, masc.)
PronounMasculine?Where do you come from?
- A teacher pointing kindly towards a student in front of her.bhavatī
you (polite, fem.)
PronounFeminine?How are you?
- A big group of children and grown-ups standing together and waving.sarve
all, everyone
PronounMasculine।Everyone is happy.
- A curious girl peeking from behind a door at the shadow of a man outside.kaḥ
who (masc.)
PronounMasculine?Who is he?
- A boy wondering about a veiled woman standing at the gate.kā
who (fem.)
PronounFeminine?Who is she?
- A puzzled child scratching her head, looking at a strange object.kim
what
PronounNeuter?What do you see?
प्रश्नवाचकाः
Question words
- A boy searching under a cot for his lost slipper, looking around.kutra
where
Indeclinable?Where are you going?
- A girl waiting at the village gate, looking down the road.kadā
when
Indeclinable?When will you go?
- A puzzled boy scratching his head looking at a toy he cannot fix.katham
how
Indeclinable?How are you?
- A curious girl with a question look, finger on her chin, looking at a fallen pot.kimartham
why
Indeclinable?Why do you laugh?
- A boy peeking from behind a tree, wondering where a ball came from.kutaḥ
from where
Indeclinable?Where do you come from?
भावाः
Ideas & things
- A glowing open book with rays of light coming from its pages.vidyā
knowledge, learning
NounFeminine।Knowledge gives humility.
- A young student bowing respectfully before a teacher.vinayaḥ
humility, discipline
NounMasculine।From humility comes worthiness.
- A teacher placing a garland on a hardworking student.pātratā
worthiness, fitness
NounFeminine - A student receiving a certificate scroll from a teacher.pātratvam
worthiness
NounNeuter - A wise old man giving food to a hungry child, a calm lamp burning nearby.dharmaḥ
dharma, right conduct
NounMasculine।From wealth, dharma; then happiness.
- Children sitting on mats in a classroom with a teacher at a slate board.pāṭhaḥ
lesson
NounMasculine।The students read the lesson.
- An open palm-leaf manuscript on a wooden stand beside an oil lamp.saṃskṛtam
Sanskrit (the language)
NounNeuter।I study Sanskrit.
- A grandmother telling a story to children sitting around her at night by a lamp.kathā
story
NounFeminine।Grandfather tells a story.
- A girl singing joyfully with a tanpura beside her.gītam
song
NounNeuter।The girl sings a song.
- A student raising her hand in class to ask something.praśnaḥ
question
NounMasculine।The student asks a question.
- A boy standing up in class answering confidently while the teacher smiles.uttaram
answer
NounNeuter।The teacher gives the answer.
- A balance scale perfectly level in bright sunlight.satyam
truth
NounNeuter।Speak the truth.
- A blacksmith hammering hot iron on an anvil, hard at work.kāryam
work, task
NounNeuter।He does the work.
- A glowing open book with rays of light coming from its pages.jñānam
knowledge
NounNeuter।He attains knowledge.
- An open wooden chest full of gold coins.dhanam
wealth, money
NounNeuter।The thief steals the money.
- A joyful family laughing together.sukham
happiness
NounNeuter।He experiences happiness.
- Two friends hugging each other warmly.snehaḥ
affection, love
NounMasculine।The mother has affection for her son.
- A boy using a stick to get a ball stuck in a tree, thinking cleverly.upāyaḥ
means, plan
NounMasculine।With a plan, everything succeeds.
- A boy pushing a heavy cart up a hill with great effort.pariśramaḥ
effort, hard work
NounMasculine।Work succeeds through effort.
- A happy girl holding up a shining trophy.puraskāraḥ
prize, reward
NounMasculine।The student receives a prize.
- Two wrestlers grappling in a mud wrestling pit.yuddham
battle, war
NounNeuter।The hero wins the battle.
- A broken clay pot on the floor and a sorry looking boy.doṣaḥ
fault, error
NounMasculine।He avoids faults.
- Two warriors facing each other with raised swords, ready to fight.śatruḥ
enemy
NounMasculine।The soldier strikes the enemy.
- A deer running very fast with motion lines.vegaḥ
speed
NounMasculine।The horse runs fast.
- A shopkeeper at a market stall weighing vegetables on a scale.mūlyam
price
NounNeuter?What is the price of a mango?
- A few silver coins and a folded banknote on a cloth.rūpyakam
rupee
NounNeuter।The price is ten rupees.
- A boy helping an old woman carry a heavy basket.sāhāyyam
help
NounNeuter।I will help you.
- A girl giving water to a thirsty traveller.upakāraḥ
help, favour
NounMasculine।Even a small person can help.
- A boy running late to school with a ringing bell and a clock.vilambaḥ
delay
NounMasculine।He comes late.
- A serene celestial being with a soft golden halo seated on clouds.devaḥ
god, deity
NounMasculine।We bow to the deity.
- A child holding a blank name card on a string around the neck.nāma
name
NounNeuter।My name is Sītā.
नामानि
Names
- Prince Rama in royal clothes holding a bow, standing calmly.rāmaḥ
Rāma (a name)
NounMasculine।Rāma reads a book.
- Sita in a simple sari standing in a forest with flowers.sītā
Sītā (a name)
NounFeminine।I am Sītā.
- A young cowherd boy with a flute standing with a cow.gopālaḥ
Gopāla (a name)
NounMasculine।His name is Gopāla.
- The archer Arjuna drawing a bow, aiming at a target.arjunaḥ
Arjuna (a name)
NounMasculine।My name is Arjuna.
- Mira singing devotional songs with a small stringed instrument.mīrā
Mīrā (a name)
NounFeminine।My name is Mīrā.
- A young man in a dhoti and shawl walking to the market with a cloth bag.devadattaḥ
Devadatta (a name)
NounMasculine।Devadatta cooks rice for himself.
- King Ravana with ten crowned heads on a throne, drawn in a gentle storybook way.rāvaṇaḥ
Rāvaṇa
NounMasculine।Rāma defeats Rāvaṇa.
- Lord Shiva meditating calmly on a mountain with a crescent moon in his hair.śivaḥ
Śiva
NounMasculine।Śiva withdraws the world.
- The snowy peaks of the Himalaya mountains under a blue sky.himālayaḥ
the Himālaya
NounMasculine।The Gaṅgā arises from the Himālaya.
- A winding river flowing through green fields.gaṅgā
the Gaṅgā river
NounFeminine - An old illustrated book of stories open on a stand with a bow and arrow beside it.rāmāyaṇam
the Rāmāyaṇa
NounNeuter - A busy city street with tall buildings and a market.dillīnagaram
the city of Delhi
NounNeuterModern usage।I come from Delhi.
क्रियाः
Common actions
- A boy sitting cross-legged reading an open book.paṭhati
reads
Verb।The boy reads.
- A girl writing on a wooden slate with chalk, no readable letters.likhati
writes
Verb।The girl writes.
- A traveller with a cloth bundle on a stick walking away along a village road.gacchati
goes
Verb।He goes to school.
- A lotus bud opening into a full bloom on a pond.bhavati
is, becomes
Verb।It rains.
- A calm child standing in a sunny meadow.asti
is, exists
Verb।This is my house.
- A girl laughing joyfully with her eyes closed.hasati
laughs
Verb।The baby laughs.
- A family sitting on the floor eating a meal from banana leaves.khādati
eats
Verb।The monkey eats a fruit.
- A woman cooking in a pot on a clay stove.pacati
cooks
Verb।Mother cooks rice.
- A student reciting aloud from a book held in both hands.vadati
speaks, says
Verb।The teacher speaks the truth.
- A young man bowing with folded hands in namaste before an elder.namati
bows
Verb।The disciple bows to the teacher.
- Three children playing happily with a ball in a courtyard.krīḍati
plays
Verb।The boys play in the garden.
- A busy woman doing housework, sweeping the courtyard with a broom.karoti
does, makes
Verb।He does the work.
- A girl shading her eyes with one hand, looking far away at birds over the hills.paśyati
sees
Verb।I see the moon.
- A boy drinking water from a clay pot.pibati
drinks
Verb।The boy drinks milk.
- An old man resting at home, sitting on a woven cot.tiṣṭhati
stands, stays
Verb।The students stand in the classroom.
- A boy running fast across a field, hair flying.dhāvati
runs
Verb।The horse runs.
- A ripe mango falling from a tree branch.patati
falls
Verb।A leaf falls from the tree.
- A family standing in front of their small home with a thatched roof.vasati
lives, dwells
Verb।We live in the city.
- An old man walking slowly with a wooden stick.calati
moves, walks
Verb।People walk on the road.
- A smiling friend coming towards the viewer and waving.āgacchati
comes
Verb।A friend comes home.
- A man giving a fruit to a small child.dadāti
gives
Verb।Mother gives a fruit to her son.
- A wise teacher calmly explaining, one hand raised, an open palm-leaf manuscript beside him.jānāti
knows
Verb।I know Sanskrit.
- A child cupping a hand to his ear, listening to a bird singing on a branch.śṛṇoti
hears, listens
Verb।We listen to a story.
- An old woman with closed eyes remembering, gently holding a bangle.smarati
remembers
Verb।I remember my mother.
- A girl dancing a classical dance of Bharat with graceful hand gestures.nṛtyati
dances
Verb।The peacock dances.
- A girl singing, playing a tanpura.gāyati
sings
Verb।The girl sings a song.
- A person meditating cross-legged with closed eyes.upaviśati
sits down
Verb।The students sit on the seat.
- A man rising from his seat at sunrise.uttiṣṭhati
gets up, rises
Verb।He gets up in the morning.
- A girl receiving a basket of fruit as a gift, delighted.labhate
gets, obtains
Verb।The student receives a prize.
- A young man serving a cup of water to an old man.sevate
serves
Verb।The son serves his father.
- A girl with clasped hands looking up hopefully at a shooting star in the evening sky.icchati
wants, wishes
Verb।I want to drink water.
- A student raising her hand to ask her teacher a question.pṛcchati
asks
Verb।The student asks a question.